Write a story of your own Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Compose your very own account - Assignment Example The family seen an exceptionally overwhelming congested road on the roadway. Another curious thing that could be watched was the unexpected change in climate with extremely solid breezes. It was then that they turned on the radio and they were refreshed by their family members that a storm had struck the city. The vehicles out and about appeared as though ants abandoned to a great extent. This was not everything except rather matters turned out to be more awful when the radio declaration guaranteed that the typhoon was moving towards the interstate. A confused circumstance was made with basic locales of vehicles hitting into one another. Yet, Harry and his family were fortunate again in light of the fact that an after declaration articulated that the tropical storm had taken the other course and the circumstance had settled. This sorted out day gave an unusual occurring. The family encountered a troublesome time and however they arrived at home in 2 days, yet the accompanying fourteen days were troublesome with no power and essential assets. In spite of the advances in human innovation, there are as yet certain territories which are out of human control and the abrupt climate changes are one of

Are national service frameworks and quality standards necessary for Essay

Are national help systems and quality gauges important for improving administrations, and is there any proof that they are working - Essay Example Be that as it may, neither the idea nor the usage ÃŽ ¿f an intense based, multidisciplinary more established people effort and bolster group (OPOST) has been accounted for in the writing to date. The 2004 report, Better Health in Old Age, from the national executive for more established people groups wellbeing, gives a great range ÃŽ ¿f remarks, with supporting proof, on the achievement ÃŽ ¿f the National Service Framework for Older People (NSF) as observed through the eyes ÃŽ ¿f different partners. This alluringly introduced archive thinks back over the a long time since the dispatch ÃŽ ¿f the NSF and forward to a dream ÃŽ ¿f what's to come. Perusers ÃŽ ¿f Nursing Older People may discover it fairly disturbing that the picture picked for the spread is as an unmistakable difference to their own encounters ÃŽ ¿f thinking about more established individuals. The photo ÃŽ ¿f more seasoned individuals kayaking, and obviously getting a charge out of it, on the reports spread may have urged a few papers to embrace the topic ÃŽ ¿f accepting obligation regarding individual wellness as a spike to better wellbeing. Kendo is an undeniably famous structure ÃŽ ¿f work out, appropriate for some more seasoned individuals, and given the up and coming distribution ÃŽ ¿f the White Paper on general wellbeing it was nothing unexpected that it was utilized as the center, and to show news reports. While receiving such a subject is without a doubt a positive methodology it might likewise cover numerous ÃŽ ¿f the other critical accomplishments. My picked subject is environmental change. Let me clarify what I mean. The NSFs first standard is planned for taking out ageism and that must, in my view, start with the language and perspectives we use to communicate. We have all made some amazing progress from the days when a report depicting the weights developing thus ÃŽ ¿f longer future, and the development in the number ÃŽ ¿f more seasoned individuals encountering psychological wellness issues could be distributed with a title as derogatory as The Rising Tide (HMSO 1983). The wellbeing secretary, composing the foreword to the new

A Few Recent Events COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A Few Recent Events COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following was composed by John Hughes, a second year MIA student studying Political and Economic Risk Analysis. __________________________ Life at SIPA can be busy between classes, job recruiting, hanging out with friends and trying to attend as many of the cool daily lectures, roundtables, speeches and events as possible.   Here’s a taste of a few of the recent events I’ve been able to attend: In early October I attended a “Dean’s Breakfast” with Romita Shetty, an alumna who is currently a partner at an investment advisory and consulting firm focused on financial services and alternative energy.   Prior to her current position, Ms. Shetty spent a number of years on both Wall Street and working for a ratings agency.   Fifteen students and I met with Ms. Shetty and Dean Coatsworth on the 15th floor of SIPA for an intimate discussion about Ms. Shetty’s career path, her experience at SIPA, and how she got to where she is today.   Over bagels and coffee she gave us tips on how to enter the financial services industry, and answered our questions.   It was also a great opportunity to get to know Dean Coatsworth better, while sharing our SIPA and life experiences. A few weeks later I passed in my last mid-term paper (after 3 exams that week) on Thursday, and was very ready to catch up with friends and blow off some steam.   Luckily, that night SIPA Student Affairs (SIPASA) hosted a Halloween party at M1-5 Lounge downtown (http://www.m1-5.com).   There were over 1,000 students there, all dressed up in amazing costumes.   The party went from 10pm-4am, with an open bar for the first three hours.   Luckily, my class the next day was not until 2:30pm!   My wife and I went for the Lobster Dinner theme. Recently I also attended   a “Taste of Asia: A Culinary adventure through East and Southeast Asia” hosted by the Asia Pacific Affairs Council.   The event featured all-you-can-eat food and drink from around Asia, while bringing together students interested in the region in an informal setting.   I happen to love food from both East and Southeast Asia, and I love to eat, so it was a great evening! SIPA hosts an exhausting schedule of events, roundtables, discussions, debates and parties, offering a variety that will appeal to any type of student.   For a sense of some of the other offerings, check out this website (http://www.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/dkv/sipa/events/sipa_this_week.pl).   In addition to SIPA events, Columbia University has a multitude of its own events, with each school within the university hosting a full line-up.   The most difficult part comes in deciding what to attend!

Essay on Bystander Effect - 1079 Words

Bystander effect, (Darley Latane, 1970) refers to decrease in helping response when there are bystanders around relative to no bystanders. Referring to previous study stating that there are some cases of which group size may promote helping instead of hindering it (Fischer et al., 2011). Researchers then speculate the possibility of positive influences from bystanders by taking public self-awareness into consideration. Researchers proposed that high public self-awareness would reverse the bystander effect in this study with 2 independent variables which are bystander and presence on the forum. They are defined as number of bystanders (absent vs present) and salience of name (salient vs non-salient) respectively. 86 students are randomly†¦show more content†¦Besides, carrying out a manipulation check right after this experiment is beneficial to this study as well. Having a manipulation check by rating statements makes sure that controlling types of nametags increases public self-awareness subsequently and makes the study more convincing. Nevertheless, the effect of confounding variables such as individual differences in willingness to help that may affect the result is minimized through random assignment. Limitations There are also limitations in this study. First, the outcome of reddening participants’ name, which exerts a sense of existence and concern of their own public self-awareness, seems ambiguous. Online forums nowadays use different ways such as displaying role titles, awarding special icons to differentiate administrators, active and normal users. Changing color of the displayed name is another common way. Participants may be misled as if they have special roles in the forum when their names are reddened. Once a person has a role in a social categories, one’s relationship with others may change and possibly enhance or degrade the helping effect (Levine, et al., 2005). As a result, it is debated that participants’ interpretation of â€Å"red name† determines whether public self-awareness is the designated independent variable or not and hence alters the result significantly. To refine the experiment, extra questions can be added to the manipulation check to a ssure that the result is not affected by theShow MoreRelatedBystander Effect And Crises : Bystander Effects1625 Words   |  7 Pages Anthony R. Hudgens March 24, 2016 Case Study #4 Bystander Effect and Crises Bystander Effect and Crises A woman by the name of Kitty Genovese was stalked and stabbed to death in an alleyway of Queens, New York, in 1964 (Pugh Henry). It is reported that there were nearly 40 witnesses who heard her screams for help but failed to do so (Colangelo, 2014). Why is it that some individuals tend to shy away from bad situations in which help is clearly needed? Kitty’s murderer, Winston MoselyRead MoreBystander Apathy And Effect Of Bystander1084 Words   |  5 PagesBystander Apathy and Effect Bystander effect, or also known as bystander apathy, is a social psychological phenomenon that attributes to cases in which others do not help people in need while others are around. The possibility of help is contrarily connected to the amount of bystanders. Basically, the larger amount of bystanders the less likely people will help the one in need. Various variables help to explain why the bystander effect occurs. These variables include: ambiguity, cohesivenessRead MoreBystander Effect Essay1389 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bystander Effect The Bystander effect is a controversial theory given to social phenomenon where the more potential helpers there are, the less likely any individual is to help. A traditional explanation for this Bystander Effect is that responsibility diffuses across the multiple bystanders, diluting the responsibility of each. (Kyle et al.) The Bystander effect, also known as the Genovese Syndrome, was created after the infamous murder of â€Å"Kitty† Catherine Genovese in 1964, on the streets ofRead MoreBystander Effect Essay1637 Words   |  7 Pages Bystander or Bodyguard: An Examination of Who Helps and Who Does Not A bystander, according to Michael Webster’s New World College Dictionary, is an individual who is present in a given situation, but is not involved (Agnes, 2001). The word bystander does not always have a negative connotation, but in the case of bullying or an emergency situation, it does. In either scenario, a bystander is not helping in a time of crisis and this can have many negative outcomes. Many factors play a role in remainingRead MoreBystander Effect Essay1403 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bystander Effect is a controversial theory given to social phenomenon where the more potential bystanders there are, the less likely any individual is to help in emergency situations. A traditional explanation for the cause of the Bystander Effect is that responsibility diffuses across the multiple bystanders, diluting the responsibility of each. (Kyle et al.) The Bystander effect, also known as the Genovese Syndrome, was named after the infamous murder of â€Å"Kitty† Catherine Genovese in 1964,Read MoreThe Bystander Effect And Racism913 Words   |  4 Pagesthose they perceive to be similar to them, including others from their own racial or ethnic groups. We don’t like to discover that our propensity for altruism can depend on prejudice†¦Ã¢â‚¬  We can connect the evidence provided to explain issues of the bystander effect and racism. For example, when people witness a situation of racism, they are probably only going to help if it is someone from the same racial group. However, if it were someone foreign to his or her group, then that would ignore the issue andRead MoreThe bystander effect Essay1223 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinitive example of the bystander effect, the social phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to help someone in distress if there are other people present. The bystander effect occurs wherever there is a situation that is ambiguous, or where a lack of action can be rationalized by a diffusion of responsibility in a large group, or where the presence of others presents a significant risk to the bystander such that he or she is afraid to provide help. The bystander effect results from peopleRead MoreThe Bystander Effect Essays1305 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bystander Effect Psy 110 - Asynchronous The Bystander Effect If you saw someone being attacked on the street, would you help? Many of us would quickly say yes we would help because to state the opposite would say that we are evil human beings. Much research has been done on why people choose to help and why others choose not to. The bystander effect states that the more bystanders present, the less likely it is for someone to help. SometimesRead MoreHistory Of The Bystander Effect1835 Words   |  8 PagesHistory of the Bystander Effect The bystander effect is a very famous theory. It has been indited about in many Psychology Textbooks. In addition, there has been many situations that have been associated with this theory. Nevertheless, there was one story that commenced it all. This acclaimed story went viral and what some would call, legendary. This story resulted in a woman denominated as Kitty Genovese being assailed and murdered by Winston Moseley. The reason this situation became so popularRead MoreThe Bystander Effect On Children1132 Words   |  5 PagesDimitri Alaiwat Mrs. Gumina English III 22 March 2015 The Bystander Effect Would one help some random person on the street in need? What if they were out in the frigid cold with no home or warm clothes? How about if the person was a woman getting physically harassed by her boyfriend? Most people would say â€Å"yes† to these questions, but would they actually help if any of these situations occurred in their lives? â€Å"The bystander effect is a social psychological phenomenon that refers to cases in which

The Problem Of The Nursing Shortage - 1644 Words

We have all been there. As you clock into work you take a sneak peak at the assignment board for the shift before you. It looks like they had a rough shift, six discharges and eight admits. You shrug it off as you walk into the break room to put your belongings in your locker and ready yourself for your own experience. As you turn to sit at the table to get your assignment you are greeted with a tight smile from your charge nurse who then informs you that everyone has to take seven patients as there is simply not enough staff scheduled for that evening. Problem Across the country the nursing shortage continues to place an almost impossible burden upon those who are in the industry. This shortage causes nurses to take an unsafe amount†¦show more content†¦When diligence is lost mistakes tend to happen that lead to increased risks to patient safety. After a while of dealing with the fatigue most nurses either end up leaving the field or leaving the hospital they are currently employed at in favor of another hospital that boasts smaller patient-to-staff ratios. When nurses leave a hospital it can take several weeks to months to replace said workers, which in turn creates more of a staffing ratio problem. It is a viscous cycle. Theoretical Framework. Jean Watson’s (2003) caring theory states that while medicine cures illness full health cannot be achieved without a caring atmosphere. She believes that caring is the foundation of nursing and implies that nurses need to be open to working with patients in order to assist them to attain optimal health. Watson’s premise is that caring assists patients to gain control of their situation through education and promotion of healthy lifestyle changes. The concern here is we have an overworked nursing population waiting for newer nurses to arrive and provide the much needed assistance in caring for our full hospital floors. The longer the wait the more difficult it becomes to bring forth the nurturing aspect that the nursing field is known for. Literature Review and Summary of Evidence. Needleman, Buerhaus, Mattke, Stewart, and Zelevinsky (2002) published an article with studies that show a direct correlation between staffing and patient

A Brief Analysis on The Woman Warrior Free Essays

The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts (1976), was written by a Chinese-American author named, Maxine Hong Kingston. It is said to relate the â€Å"real† stories of Kingston’s life. (Wiley Publishing. We will write a custom essay sample on A Brief Analysis on The Woman Warrior or any similar topic only for you Order Now ). It tells about the clash of culture between Chinese and American, which is why this book became very interesting. As a Chinese who was born and grew up in America, she was exposed to â€Å"American culture.† Americans are more liberal; men and women have equal rights to everything, and they live a very advanced, fast paced life. But it wasn’t easy at all for Kingston, because she was bounded by the rules of Chinese culture enforced by her mother, who in the story, is named, Brave Orchid. Brave Orchid refused to adapt American culture, and she sees good traditional values of Chinese as ideal, so she made her children learn English instead. In order for the children to become flexible to speak the English language, she had their tongues â€Å"cut.† (Passage 3.). So Kingston grew up with a very strong-willed mother, and this made her hate the â€Å"weak side† of females; she even confronted a Chinese girl for not speaking when told to speak. (Passage 5). She thinks that being â€Å"silent and weak† to show femininity of Chinese women is totally pathetic. (Passage 4). Being Americanized, she wanted to be strong, to be equal with men, and to be free from the rigid culture of her origin. She doesn’t want to end up like her nameless aunt who killed herself and her baby because she committed adultery. She must have been a rape victim and there are other ways to solve her problem. Worst part is, the weakness of Chinese women is shown because her aunt was treated as if she never existed. (Passage 1.) Her nameless aunt gave her the inspiration to write The Woman Warrior, because it haunted her. (Passage 2). In order for Kingston to appreciate her origin and the American culture she loves, she made a song to unite both culture as a way to remind herself to be grateful of both. (Passage 6). Everyone of us has his or her own origin. We can just learn to accept our heritage because it is a part of us. Our origin is our blood and we are identified distinctly because of it. There are a lot of ways to positively infuse the culture of origin into the new culture we live in because of continuous evolution of humans. There’s nothing wrong with adapting a modernized culture as long as the moral values of one’s origin is kept as guidance to act ethically.    How to cite A Brief Analysis on The Woman Warrior, Papers

The Fall of the House of Usher1 Essay Example For Students

The Fall of the House of Usher1 Essay Regarded as his most famous piece of fiction, The Fall of the House of Usher inspires the usual horror found in most works by Poe. Every aspect expected from a Poe piece is found within this story. There is the first person narrative, the division of personality, and Gothic style; which all characterize classic Poe. Although some critics feel that the tale is difficult to read and an overdone and vulgar fantasy; most recognize it as the masterpiece it is. From the gloomy beginning to the shocking conclusion, The Fall of the House of Usher implements every attribute needed to create a model narration. As in most Poe stories, the unnamed narrator experiences a horrific sight. This harrowing incident is the realization by himself and Roderick Usher that they have in fact buried Madeline Usher alive. We will write a custom essay on The Fall of the House of Usher1 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The thought of this atrocity causes the narrator to flee from the house indefinitely. He does not know at the time that the house will subsequently cave in after his departure. Almost every tale written by Poe is written in this fashion. Although most stories employ no real plot or characterization, the final terrible experience is typical. This is due to occurrences in Poes own life involving the illness of his child-bride Virginia. Her untimely death stirred an interest in the supernatural that pervaded his writing from that point on. Therefore, all first person narrators in Poes work encounter death in some mysterious and grave manner that helps Poe to cope with his personal issues.There is a division of personality found in The Fall of the House of Usher, which also presents itself in William Wilson. In the tale being discussed, Roderick and Madeline Usher are twins whose health is slowly diminishing. While Madeline seems to have accepted her fate, it looks as if Roderick does not quite understand his recent transformation. It is almost as if all the worry and frustration felt by both is channeled through Roderick. While he is slowly losing his mind, Madeline becomes increasingly sedate. The narrator mentions that the master of the house has indeed changed a great deal. Apparently, some curse has overcome him and his sister causing their recent decline in spirits, sanity, and health. Throughout the story, both are equally affected by the others actions. This element is found in many Poe tales, although usually it involves a dual nature within a single character. Numerous critics castigate Poes writing for its highly Gothic style. It is too serious and conveys a certain difficulty in reading. They claim that this particular style hinders the reader from being able to handle more than one story at a time. Nevertheless, Poes writing does reflect upon his own personality. Edgar Allen Poe was a staid and somber man, and these traits shine through his writing. Also, it seems that perhaps he did not intend for more than one story to be dealt with at a time. Poe wrote in a highly stylized way in order to contribute to the overall mood of the piece of fiction. Without that edge, his work would lose much of its eeriness. The Fall of the House of Usher certainly incorporates such language as evidenced by phrases such as singularly dreary tract and whither shall I fly. The elevated language and carefully chosen adjectives weigh on the reader throughout the story. Finally, while some critics may lambaste the work of Poe as fanciful ramblings, it stands to reason that perhaps they are mistaken. Carefully thought out narration, sensible characterization, and appropriate diction pervade not only The Fall of the House of Usher, but every subsequent Poe work also. .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d , .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d .postImageUrl , .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d , .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d:hover , .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d:visited , .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d:active { border:0!important; } .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d:active , .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6aa74368c0df6f2ca3c725f8a58dc45d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 1642-1649 London Civil War Essay While the discussed piece is the best example of his genius many other manuscripts fall into these same patterns. Nonetheless, The Fall of the House of Usher is a classic work that holds its own among the most recognized and celebrated short stories ever readBibliography:

What’s a Perfect PSAT Score and How to Get It

What’s a Perfect PSAT Score and How to Get It SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The mission: a perfect score on the PSAT.The method: serious test prep. Achieving a perfect score is no easy feat, but with the right study plan and materials, you can master this important exam. This guide will go over what makes for a perfect score on the PSAT and how you can prep to conquer the test. Read on to learn how to succeed in your mission to get a perfect PSAT score, should you choose to accept it.

Predator Drones and Other Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Predator Drones and Other Unmanned Aerial Vehicles The Predator is a nickname given to one in a series of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or pilotless drones, operated by the Pentagon, the CIA and, increasingly, other agencies of the U.S. federal government such as the border patrol. Combat-ready UAVs are used mostly in the Middle East. The UAVs are equipped with sensitive camera and spying equipment that provides real-time reconnaissance or intelligence. It can be equipped with laser-guided missiles and bombs. The drones are used with increasing frequency in Afghanistan, Pakistans tribal areas and in Iraq. The Predator, officially identified as the Predator MQ-1, was the firstand remains the most commonly usedpilotless drone in combat operations in the Balkans, Southwest Asia, and the Middle East since its first flight in 1995. By 2003, the Pentagon had about 90 UAVs in its arsenal. Its unclear how many UAVs were in the CIAs possession. Many were and still are. The fleets are growing. The Predator itself has already entered the gallery of American lore. Advantages of UAVs Unmanned aerial vehicles, or UAVs, are smaller than jet aircraft, less expensive, and dont put pilots at risk when they crash. At about $22 million apiece for next-generation UAVs (the so-called Reaper and Sky Warrior), the drones are increasingly a weapon of choice for military planners. The Obama administrations 2010 military budget includes approximately $3.5 billion for UAVs. In comparison, the Pentagon is paying more than $100 million apiece for its next-generation fighter jets, the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (the Pentagon plans to buy 2,443 for $300 billion. While UAVs require considerable ground-based logistical support, they can be piloted by individuals specifically trained to fly UAVs rather than by pilots. Training for UAVs is less expensive and exacting than for jets. Disadvantages of UAVs The Predator has been publicly praised by the Pentagon as a versatile and low-risk means of gathering intelligence and striking targets. But an internal Pentagon report completed in October 2001 concluded that tests conducted in 2000 found that the Predator performed well only in daylight and in clear weather, according to the New York Times. It broke down too often, could not stay over targets as long as expected, often lost communication links in the rain and was hard to operate, the report said. According to the Project on Government Oversight, the Predator cannot be launched in adverse weather, including any visible moisture such as rain, snow, ice, frost or fog; nor can it take off or land in crosswinds of greater than 17 knots. By 2002, more than 40% of the Pentagons original fleet of Predators had crashed or been lost, in more than half those cases due to mechanical failure. The drones cameras are unreliable. Further, PGO concluded, Because it cannot evade radar detection, flies slow, is noisy, and must often hover at relatively low altitudes, the Predator is vulnerable to being shot down by enemy fire. In fact, an estimated 11 of the 25 Predators destroyed in crashes reportedly were caused by enemy ground fire or missiles. The drones do put people on the ground at risk when the planes malfunction and crash, which they do, and when they fire their missiles, often at the wrong targets). UAVs Uses In 2009, Federal Customs and Border Protection launched UAVs from an Air Force base in Fargo, N.D., to patrol the border between the United States and Canada. The first flight of the Predator in Afghanistan took place on Sept. 7, 2000. Several times it had Osama bin Laden in its sights, its weapons ready to fire. Then-CIA Director George Tenet refused to authorize the strikes either for fear of killing civilians or of the political fallout from a missile that didnt hit its target. Various Types of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles The Predator B, or MQ-9 Reaper, for example, a turboprop drone built by General Dynamics subsidiary General Atomics Aeronautical Systems Inc., can fly at 50,000 feet for up to 30 hours on a single fueling (its fuel tanks have a 4,000-lb. capacity). It can cruise at a maximum speed of 240 miles per hour and carry almost 4,000 pounds of laser-guided bombs, missiles, and other ordnance. The Sky Warrior is smaller, with a weapons payload of four Hellfire missiles. It can fly at a maximum of 29,000 feet and at 150 miles per hour, for 30 hours on a single fuel tank. Northrop Grumman is developing the RQ-4 Global Hawk UAV. The plane, which completed its first flight in March 2007, has a wingspan of 116 feet (about half that of a Boeing 747), a payload of 2,000 pounds and can fly at a maximum altitude of 65,000 feet and at more than 300 miles per hour. It can cruise between 24 and 35 hours on one tank of fuel. An earlier version of the Global Hawk was approved for use in Afghanistan as far back as 2001. Insitu Inc., a Boeing subsidiary, also builds UAVs. Its ScanEagle is an extremely small flying machine noted for its stealthiness. It has a wingspan of 10.2 feet and is 4.5 feet long, with a maximum weight of 44 pounds. It can fly at an altitude of up to 19,000 feet for more than 24 hours. Chang Industry, Inc., of La Verne, Calif., markets a five-pound aircraft with a four-foot wing and a unit cost of $5,000.

Human resources manangement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human resources manangement - Essay Example The advantage of using internal applicants in filling vacant positions is in regard to the motivation factor. Employees feel motivated when they are rewarded for good performance by being promoted to higher positions. Any organization that cannot be able to engage in employee advancement and promotion opportunities is likely to experience job dissatisfaction among the employees (Courtney, 1997: 126). Internal recruitment also provides the managers with the opportunity to use HR data that is available and maintained in the organization. An analysis of the employee performance is important in the recruitment process. This ensures that the organization is able to guess the competency of the employee (Schermerhorn, 2009: 78). Promotions within organizations lead to vacant positions that should be filled by other employees. The chain effect on promotion means that every time an employee is promoted, two or more positions will need to be filed. Internal promotions help to motivate employees since every promotion positively affects several employees within the organization (Schermerhorn, 2009: 78). Promotion of employees in the organization ensures that entry level vacancies are filled by external job applicants. The benefit of this approach is that no company is able to experiment unknown individuals in high risk employment positions. Further, employees have the chance to prove their ability in lower-level position first (Schermerhorn, 2009: 78). Bidding and job posting are the most common used methods of recruiting employees internally. Bidding occurs when qualified employees have been notified of the vacancy. They are then notified to bid for the vacancy if they want to be considered for the post. In bidding, the employee with the most seniority gets the job (Walsh, 2012: 52). Job posting involves the use of traditional bulletin boards, computer email based systems and telephone voicemail based systems. Computer email based systems and telephone voicemail

Young Australians Are Facing an Obesity Crisis Research Paper

Young Australians Are Facing an Obesity Crisis - Research Paper Example Young people of Australia may be highly affected as they are emotional eaters and love to consume high caloric food items. On the other hand, the genetic tendency to become overweight can increase the obesity level of the body. A limited proportion of several fundamental hormonal issues, such as insulin resistance or polycystic ovaries can also increase the likelihood of extra weight gain (Smith, 2011). The individuals or young people may find it difficult to reduce their extra weight due to the above-mentioned aspects and tendencies. Beer is one of the popular alcoholic drinks among the young Australians. Excessive glycerol ingredients within the Australian beer are another reason behind this rising obesity level. Obesity is referred to as one of the critical and dangerous medical conditions. According to the medical science, obese or overweight can create several complexities in the bodies of the young people in near future. High cholesterol, fatty liver, health-wise, orthopedic problems, heart disease, diabetes, menstrual irregularities, difficulty in losing extra weight, shortness of breath and long-term infertility are the major risk factors for the young people of Australia. In addition, high obesity has several crippling and negative emotional side effects that can hamper the mental states of young people. Overweight is the major consequence of obesity. Overweight can reduce the self-esteem level of a young individual. All teenagers and young people try to maintain their physical fitness compared to the others. Overweight can prevent the young people to consume attractively and well-fitting clothes. Moreover, the obese individuals cannot eat and drink freely and comfortably among their f riends or associates (Miller, 2007). Most importantly, the individuals can feel that they are socially excluded due to their overweight and obese. Low self-esteem level can force a young person to become a pessimist.  Ã‚  

Enrons Collapse and Its Corporate Culture

Enrons Collapse and Its Corporate Culture According to Albert Camus A man without ethics is a wild beast loosed upon this world At first sight, Enron looks like a mega-size illustration of the bad apple among the ripes ones. It projected itself as financial of Business Ethics. On December 2.2001 Enron Corp. Filed the largest bankruptcy in U.S history due to many unethical issues. The Enron Scandal shocked the world. Enron had an overwhelming aura of pride and carried with it the deep-seated belief that its people could handle increasing risk without any consequences. The culture promoted greed and focused on how much money could be made for executives. For, example Enrons compensation plans seemed less concerned with generating profits for shareholders than with enriching Companys wealth. Enrons corporate culture reportedly encouraged profiteering. The Enron collapse has sent shockwaves all over the financial world and raised serious questions regarding corporate governance. The Enron bankruptcy is becoming the most famous and highly publicized bankruptcy case in history. There are numbers of unethical issues that contribute Enron to its bankruptcy. They are as follows-: Improper Accounting: One of the major reason behind of its bankruptcy was improper accounting system. (Enrons lawyers in august 2001)The company used corrupt accounting measures to make their profits .Although these practices produced more favorable financial picture ,outside observers believed they might constitute fraudulent financial reporting because they didnt accurately represent the companys true financial condition. For example the company established the special-purpose entities (SPEs) to move the assestd and debt of its balance sheet and increase cash flow by showing through its books when it sold assets. Hiding the losses and inflating profits: The company has a cash flow of negative amount $154 millions, Enron claimed of 3 million in its cash flow Bad Communication-: Delivering the bad news. Lying to the various stakeholders, the financial statements hide the momentous losses to their Stockholders. Stock analysts were often vague and didnt specify their operation cost and their finances. Misleading the financial reports-: The bankruptcy filing came after revealing that Enron used (SPEs),Special Purpose Entities. SPEs hid losses. Enron used SPEs to move assets and debts off it balance sheet. This enables increase in its Cash Flow. Poor business and accounting procedures encouraged greed. Unregulated private partnerships(SPES) to take on debts Over 5000 Enron employees lost their livelihood due to Top Managements greed. Enrons VP Sherron Watkins consistently sent reports out to the then Chairman outlining improper accounting methods employed. The biggest problem was that Enron outsourced its internal audit function. It outsourced both its internal and external auditing function to Arthur Andersen. 2. Did Enrons bankers, auditors, and attorneys contribute to Enrons demise? If so, what was their contribution? Enrons demise involve its relation to its bankers ,auditor and attorneys . Enrons auditor: Enron auditors knew in mid August from a senior Enron employees concern about improprieties in the energy companys Accounting practices (Washington Jan16) .Arthur Andersen was responsible for ensuring the accuracy of Enrons financial statements and internal bookkeeping. Andersons reports were used by potential investors to judge Enrons financial soundness and future potential before they decided whether to invest. Current investors decide if their funds should remains invested there. Former CEO Jeffrey Skilling, widely seen as Enrons mastermind. He was so sure he had committed no crime that he waived his right to self-incrimination and testified before Congress that he was not aware of any inappropriate financial arrangement. Jeffrey McMahon told a congressional subcommittee that he had informed Skilling about the companys off-the-balance-sheet partnership in March 2000, when he was Enrons Treasurer. (ENRONS COLLAPSE: OVERVIEW;RECEIVE WARNING ON ENRON FIVE MONTH AGO(Richard A jr. opeel. published on Jan 17 2007) Enrons bankers: Although the bank knew there was a problem with Enron finances Its own bankers . Their under writing feeling on debt issue sold to the public to prove that without the bankers Enron will never remained its scheme on the investing public . JPMorgan Chase and Citibank were already aware of the tax regulations and would have had sources for audited accounts. These banks issued large loans to the company. They could do so because they would then lay off much of the risk through a complex process of financial engineering. While shareholders pursue individual claims against the bank the decision Monday stymies any mass effect by shareholders recovers all the parts of loss of $40 billions from a wall street bank that earned millions of dollars from Enron in banking fees .(Julie Creswel) Enrons Lawyers: In the events leading up to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) enquiry, Enrons employees shredded important documents to prevent any indictments. 3.What role did the chief financial officer play in creating the problems that led to Enrons financial problems? According to Bill Saporito, Fastow earned a reputation of being a money wizard who constructed the complex financial vehicles. He employed techniques that could rapidly exploit deregulating markets for energy, water, broadband capacity and anything else that could be traded. In 1993, Fastow created hundreds of special-purpose entities designed to transfer Enrons debt to an outside company and get it off the books-without giving up control of the assets that stood behind the debt. To prevent degrading in Enrons credit rating, Fastow tripled his staff, to more than 100.He hired various banking experts and giving them the task of selling and buying capital risk. This effectively allowed Enrons audited balance sheet to appear debt free, while in reality it owed more than 30 billion dollars at the height of its debt. While presented to the outside world as being independent entities, the funds Fastow created were to take write-downs off Enrons books and guaranteed not to lose money.. Fastow made tens of millions of dollars defrauding Enron in this way, while also neglecting basic financial practices such as reporting the cash on hand and total liabilities. Giles Darby, David Bermingham, and Gary Mulgrew worked for Greenwich NatWest. The three British men had worked with Fastow on a special purpose entity he had started called Swap Sub. When Fastow was being investigated by the SEC, the three men met with the British Financial Services Authority (FSA) in November 2001 to discuss their interactions with Fastow. REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRSPHIES: 1.Farrell, O., Fraedrich ,J and Ferrell, L,(2010)Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases (8th edition),Houghton Mifflin. 2.Cullen,J(1999)Managing Ethical and Social Responsibility: Challenges for Multinational Companies ,in Multinational Management .a Strategic Approach, International Thomson Publishing. 3.Ackman, Dan. .Enron Files Chap. 11.. Forbes Online 3 December 2001. http://www.forbes.com/2001/12/03/1203topnews_print.html Farrell, Greg and Woodyard, Chris. .Three powerful men forged Enron.s path.. USA Today 28 January 2002 4.Miller, Roger and Jentz, Gaylord A. .Business Law Today.. West Legal Studies in Business, 2000. 5.St. Onge, Jeff. .Enron set to file largest-ever Chapter 11.. Seattle Times 30 November 2001. 6.Talaski, Karen. .Enron.s fall sped Kmart into tailspin.. The Detroit News 27 January 2002. 7.Bankruptcy in Brief.. 4 May 2002 http://www.moranlaw.net/bankruptcybasics.htm 8.Cooper outlines Enron reorganization proposal.. Houston Chronicle.com 3 May 2002. 9.Enron Arranges $1.5 Billion of Debtor-In-Possession Financing.. Enron Corp. Press Release, 3 December 2001. http://www.enron.com/corp/pressroom/releases/2002/ene/95- 120301ReleaseLtr.html 10.Enron: Crouching Profits, Hidden Debt.. 30 April 2002 http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa011402a.htm 11.Enron Files Voluntary Petitions for Chapter 11 Reorganization.. Enron Corp. Press Release, 2December 2001. http://www.enron.com/corp/pressroom/releases/2001/ene/PressRelease 12.Enron Races to File for Chapter 11, Avoid Liquidation.. Wall Street Journal 30 November 2001. 13.Enron, the basics.. 5 May 2002 http://abcnews.go.com/sections/business/DailyNews/enron_subindex.html http://www.enron.com/corp/pressroom/messages/ees.html 14.Frequently Asked Questions About the Chapter 11 Filing.. Enron Corp. Press Release, 30 April 2002 15.http://www.enron.com/corp/pressroom/chapter11faq.html Profnet Round-Up: Corporate Bankruptcy.. Profnet Online 26 February 2002 16.http://www3.profnet.com/profnet_home/bubriefs-102.html

The History of Crayola Crayons

For nearly a hundred years children have used crayons to express themselves and their creativity. This is largely due to the brilliant inventors of one American company; Binney & Smith Inc. Edwin Binney and Harold Smith founded Binney & Smith in New York City in the 1800’s; around 1885, Joseph’s son, Edwin Binney, and nephew, C Harold Smith formed the partnership of Binney & Smith. The cousins extended Their company’s product line by including shoe polish and printing ink. The company purchased a stone mill in Eastern PA in 1900, to produce slate pencils for schools.This began the cousins to begin  research into non-toxic and colorful drawing materials for children to use. They’ve already accomplished inventing a new wax crayon used to mark milk crates as well as barrels, however the materials were covered with carbon black which was too toxic for children to use.Despite this concern the cousins were confident the pigment and wax mix they developed could be converted for a variety of safe colors. And, in 1903, a new brand of superior crayons tucked inside a yellow and green box of â€Å"eight† was introduced to the public- Crayola Crayons. (In French â€Å"Crayola† oleaginous means â€Å"oily and crayons â€Å"craie† meansâ€Å"chalk†). Generations later, thanks to its innovation in manufacture and excellent marketing by extending on their success by creating more colors inside bigger yellow and green boxes and changing with the times: In 1962, the color flesh, changed to peach, since everyone’s skin color wasn’t the same as well as a variety of other colors. Because of this adjusting to the changing times Binney & Smith are still king at the market they created decades ago.-Works Cited-Author: Mary Bellis;Inventors, Crayola Crayon History. WWW. inventors. about. com/library/inventors/blcrayon. html

Personal Statement On Professional Values - 933 Words

had encountered and I did not believe she was a bad person. Even though I disagreed with her mechanism of coping, I respected her and I provided the best care to her and her baby. In Mike’s situation, he confided to his nurse that he does not wish to continue with treatment and expects her to act on this. Ignoring Mike’s wishes not only would disrespect him, but also belittle him by making him think he is not capable of making decisions regarding his own life. Likewise, the nurse must also respect Mike’s parents. Family-centered care is being incorporated more in health care practice and the entire family is now being included in medical decisions. The nurse should respect how the parents believe that continuing treatment is vital for the wellbeing of their son. The nurse should also respect that the parents are not willing to give up on their son and are desperate to try anything to save him. Professional Values Professional values are important to have so an individual and health care professionals are aware of what is expected of them. They are established by professional nursing organizations to help guide how a nurse should deliver patient care. Altruism Altruism focuses on the wellbeing of the patient. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN, 2008) defines altruism as the â€Å"concern for the welfare and well being of others† (p. 27). In nursing that means advocating for their patients. It is the nurse’s responsibility to make sure a patient is gettingShow MoreRelatedPersonal And Professional Values In Nursing1592 Words   |  7 PagesA philosophy is a statement of values and beliefs to help guide one through their career. A personal philosophy should mirror the views of the individual and help shape their work to coincide with their personal values and beliefs (Marquis Huston, 2015). 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These promises and standards will affordRead MoreDefinition of Nursing1191 Words   |  5 PagesNurses have been described as â€Å"lacking professional commitment and motivation, low in risk taking and change-making, having a ‘blue-collar mentality,’ being cautious and conservative, and suffering from lack of cohesiveness and collegiality† (Cohen, 1981; Eisenstein, 1982; Hughs, 1982; Hull, 1982; Kalisch Kalisch, 1977; Kerr, 1982; Lowery-Palmer, 1982; Muff, 1982; Weiss Remen, 1983 as cited in Chandler, 1986, p.1). With this definition of what a nurse has been professed as, there is a fundamentalRead MoreAffect of Cultural Values And Personal Ethics in Business Decisions1221 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal, organizational, and cultural values can create a difficult problem when trying to make a business decisio n that includes all the previously stated. Personal values are what each individual holds dear to them living the types of lives that he or she like and would like to lead. Organizational values are what are best for the company to maintain a good public image and employee guidance. Cultural are set on traditions handed down from generation to generation to preserve a way of livingRead MoreCode Of Ethics For Nurses1114 Words   |  5 Pages Professional Code of Conduct Fadrique R. Charlot Nova Southeastern University Professional Code of Conduct Health professionals hold the commitment of providing quality health care to the society in order to fulfil the health concerns of the general population presented daily. Hence, health care practices are established on ethical principles concerning the life and health of human being accordingly. Its values place all obligation in which patients are protected from harm and

Essay on Jocasta in Oedipus the King - 653 Words

The Role of Jocasta in Oedipus the King Blessed is the man that endureth temptation: for when he is tried, he will receive the crown of life, which the Lord hath promised to them that love Him. nbsp;(James 1:12) nbsp;Such is the proclamation in the Holy Bible, and so was the proclamation in ancient Greece. Since the founding of religion, the gods have sought to test those with power. Jocasta was sent by Apollo to do just that: to test Oedipus - the king of Thebes - faith and conviction. Throughout the play, Jocasta tested the beliefs of those around her by feigning disbelief in the gods herself. Though she put up this false front, she did keep her faith. At the beginning of the scene wherein a messenger relayed word of†¦show more content†¦Jocasta proceeds to plant doubts of the gods by telling Oedipus the story of the Delphian Oracle and the circumstances surrounding Laius death. Again, after Polybus death, she excitedly tells Oedipus that his prophecy was obviously untrue, though it wasnt, and by doing so she attempts to hint that the oracles - and thus the gods - are false. By planting this doubt in Oedipus mind, the gods are able to test his faith, and his ruling power, through Jocasta - a test which he fails until it is too late. Why, then, would Jocasta be forced to perform such a dubious task for the gods? It is because she tried to avoid an earlier prophecy. By tying her childs feet together and casting him out, she attempted to defeat the gods, and this of course angered them. Her punishment, then, was to test the beliefs of the very child she cast out. nbsp; Oedipus Rex was Sophocles attempt to show the Greeks that they could not avoid the dealings of the gods, or they may be forced to conspire against the very people they should love most. Jocasta was, in this way, a victim. Though it was by her own doing that this penalty was cast upon her, it was not something she was happy to do, which becomes apparent when she realizes the truth in her earlier prophecy. It is at this moment that she becomes aware of her punishment, and in desperation kills herself. Oedipus Rex is a true tragedy in the sense that fate andShow MoreRelated Comparing Female Characters in Euripides Medea and Sophocles Oedipus the King and Antigone1555 Words   |  7 PagesComparing Female Characters in Euripides Medea and Sophocles Oedipus the King and Antigone      Ã‚  Ã‚   In the times of the ancient Greeks, women had an unpretentious role. They were expected to do take on the accepted role of a woman.   In most cases, a womans role is restricted to bearing young, raising children, and housework. 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Personal Reflection - 567 Words

Personal reflection is a very useful skill that helps the reflector solidify any learning or knowledge that has been captured by the individual. The purpose of this essay is to reflect upon this course and insert my personal feelings and observations about my performance during this time. In this summary I will describe how I improved my knowledge, skills and abilities during this session. I will also evaluate my work that was completed in this session and comment upon the subjects that I did not master while making recommendations on how I can improve on my performance and if I achieved the course objectives that were laid out at the beginning of this session. Learning is much like a cycle. Information is stored within some mechanism of the mind powers to that can be called upon by the willful intention of its user. In this course I have learned much not only about the subjects presented in the texts and lectures, but about myself and how I have adapted to my own personal learning cycles. Recalling the information presented in this class is only useful if there is a practical outlet to allow this information to flourish and contribute to the greater good of my surroundings. I performed very well in the discussion parts of this class by scoring nearly perfect on all the required submissions for this part of the course. I am much more confident of my ability to recall information and insert into a logical argument and successfully communicate this message to my peers andShow MoreRelatedPersonal Reflection756 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal reflections are characterized as learning through experience in gaining new insights and changed perception of self and practices. Reflection can be a difficult experience without the support and guidance of an expert (Johns, 2004). 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The person that I interviewed for this assignment was Emily Hampshire, the coordinator of one of a program called 180. Emily has been with the agency for over a year and is currently the coordinator of the agency’s newest program. This program is a gang prevention and intervention program and was created for the local at-risk

American Identity Prior to the Revolutionary War Free Essays

Early American Identity Robert Zimmermann Madrigal During the time prior to the revolutionary war, there was a mixed sense of identity within the colonies. Some of the colonists saw themselves as English citizens, while others saw themselves as Americans and wanted a free, self governed nation. The first actuall sign of American identity was in 1754 when Benjamin Franklin proposed the Albany plan, as represented in Doc. We will write a custom essay sample on American Identity Prior to the Revolutionary War or any similar topic only for you Order Now A. Even though his proposition was denied it still showed that people were starting to take the idea of being â€Å"American† into account. In Document B. Edmund Burke shows his resentment of how American is being governed. Is there a single trait of resemblance between those few towns, and a great and growing people spread over a vast quarter of the globe, separated from us by a mighty ocean. † He says that he doesn’t believe that the colonies should be ruled by a nation that is so different and so far away. â€Å"The eternal barriers of nature forbid that the colonies should be blended or coalesce into the mass†¦ of this Kingdom. † He again states that the colonies should not be ruled by Great Britain. After the French and Indian war England was in a great amount of debt, so they started to impose taxes of the colonies. The people living in the colonies had lived in the colonies their whole lives and had never been taxed by the government before, so they were very unhappy about them. The people of the colonies protested against all of the acts that the British government had set. From the years of 1763 to 1774 the British government proposed a series of acts that imposed taxes and regulations on the people of the colonies. The proclamation of 1763 being the first of them, prevented the colonists from moving into territory past the Appalachien mountains. This was the begining of an era of protest and unhappiness. In Document C. Richard Henry Lee talks about how the colonies are all working together to fight for their liberties against â€Å"every power on Earth that may attempt to take them away†. In Document D. The Declaration for the causes of taking up arms says â€Å"We will, in defiance of every hazard, with unabating firmness and perserverance, employ for the preservation of our liberties; being with one mind resolved to die free men, rather than live like slaves. This is saying that they wanted their freedom from oppression. In 1774 The British government issued a series of laws that later came to be known as the â€Å"Intoerable Acts†. These most impacting thing these acts did was closing the port of Boston. This only deepened colonial hostility. The other colonies provided food and money to Massachusets. Document G. is a list of the vast amount of provisions provided to the Boston relief effort. In Document H. Hector Crevecoeur reffers to America as a melting pot, where the ancestors of people are forgoten and they become new men and women. All of these documents provide the facts needed to infer that there was a great sense of American Identity in the Americas prior the the Revolution. How to cite American Identity Prior to the Revolutionary War, Essay examples

Treasury and Risk Management for Swiss Exporters- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theTreasury and Risk Management for Swiss Exporters. Answer: Discussing the reason for SNB de-pegging of Franc, while evaluating the hedging strategies implemented by Swiss exporters On January 2011, Swiss National Bankmade a decision, which changed the value of franc and is considered one of the dark days for stock market of the country. This de-pegging decision made by Swiss National Bankwas based on certain assumptions and actions that was taken by different bank all around the world. The event resulted in major devaluation of Swiss Franc, which hampered their currency valuation in comparisons to other countries (Bishop 2015). The reason behind Swiss National Bankconducting the de-pegging are depicted as follows. Accumulation of high Euro and foreign currency reserve: During the period of pegging conducted by Swiss National Bank, it mainly accumulated high foreign reserve and Euro for reducing the rising valuation of Swiss Franc. In addition, the increasing accumulation of foreign currency was maintained by raising the supply of Swiss Franc by Swiss National Bank. The high demand of Swiss Franc mainly increased valuation of the currency, while hampering their international trade. This rising supply of Swiss Franc increased the chance of hyperinflation within the country, as evaluated by business and analyst. In addition, Swiss National Bank accumulated 480 billion worth of foreign reserve, which comprises 70% of the GDP (Admiral Markets 2018). This high accumulation of foreign reserve mainly reduced the actual valuation of Swiss Franc against other currencies. In this context, Skinner (2016) stated that Central Bank of countries use the foreign reserve to maintain the valuation of their currency, which helps in reducing the negative impact of vola tile currency market. Devaluation of Euro against other countries: The euro valuation has relatively declined over the period, which resulted in the devaluation of euro and Swiss Franc. Moreover, the euro valuation has relatively declined over the period, which in turn reduces the value of Swiss Franc due to high accumulation of currency by Swiss National Bank. The Europeans Central Bank started with the easing policy for rising the inflation rate and supplying more currencies for buying bonds of Euro-Zone counties. This rising production and supply of Euro with the currency market mainly devalued the overall currency. In addition, this devaluation resulted in the decline of Swiss franc due to their exposure and accumulation of 480 billion foreign reserves. Therefore, the devaluation of Euro increased, which is hindering progress of the economy. Kim and Chance (2018) stated that the devaluation of currencies mainly hampers trade and export profits of the country, which in turn hampers their actual GDP growth. The Strategic measures taken by European Central Banks mainly increased the devaluation of Euro and in turn hamper the valuation Swiss Franc. The above-mentioned reasons mainly initiated Swiss National Bank to conduct the de-pegging, which was being continued. This halt in operations was due to the decline in Swiss Franc, which was intended by Swiss National Bank form the start. Therefore, Swiss National Bank during January 2011 for determining the actual value of Swiss Franc stopped the pegging process. Swiss National Bank with the help of de-pegging measure was able to controlling the hyperinflation, which was evaluated by analyst. The exporter of Switzerland would eventually use adequate hedging process for curbing the rising volatility in the currency market and make maximum of the profits from the transactions. The use of option hedging strategy would be helpful for the exporters for hedging their exposure in the international market. Du and Schreger (2016) stated that hedging process allows exporters for curbing the volatilities in the currency market and fix their payment by using adequate hedging measures. In addition, the use of money market hedge is also a viable approach, which could be used by investors in reducing the negative impact of changing currency prices. On the other hand, Caldentey and Haugh (2017) criticises that without the use of adequate knowledge about the hedging measure the exporter might increase their risk and increase losses from the transaction. Moreover, the Swiss exporters could use both hedging positions for effectively reducing the negative impact of volitively Swiss Franc. Bo th option hedging strategy and money market strategy is a viable approach that might be used by the exporters for fixing their future payments. Identifying the risk of each strategy and estimating the dollar cash flows it will receive because of using each strategy: Particulars Amount Rate Payment 50,000,000 Probability to go up $ 60,000,000 1.2 Probability to go down $ 40,000,000 0.8 Un-hedge strategy Value Value Payment 50,000,000 Spot rate $ 1.10 $ 55,000,000 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 1.20 $ 60,000,000 Loss in un-hedging $ 0.10 $ 5,000,000 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 0.80 $ 40,000,000 Profit from un-hedging $ 0.30 $ 15,000,000 Forward hedge strategy Value Value Payment 50,000,000 Spot rate $ 1.10 $ 55,000,000 Forward rate $ 1.13 $ 56,500,000 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 1.20 $ 60,000,000 Loss in hedging $ 0.07 $ 3,500,000 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 0.80 $ 40,000,000 Profit from hedging $ 0.03 $ 16,500,000 Money market hedge Value Value Payment 50,000,000 interest in Euro 2.00% 1,000,000 Amount in euros borrowed 49,000,000 Spot rate $ 1.10 $ 53,900,000 interest in US 5.50% $ 2,964,500 Total payment received in 1 yr $ 56,864,500 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 1.20 $ 60,000,000 Loss in hedging $ 3,135,500 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 0.80 $ 40,000,000 Profit from hedging $ 16,864,500 Option Hedge Put Option Value Value Payment 50,000,000 Put option 1.11 Exercise price 0.06 Total value of put option 1.05 $ 52,500,000 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 1.20 $ 60,000,000 Loss in hedging $ 0.15 $ 7,500,000 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 0.80 $ 40,000,000 Profit from hedging $ 0.25 $ 12,500,000 Option Hedge Call Option Value Value Payment 50,000,000 Cal option 1.15 Exercise price 0.08 Total value of put option 1.07 $ 53,500,000 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 1.20 $ 60,000,000 Loss in hedging $ 0.13 $ 6,500,000 Probability of spot price in 1 yr $ 0.80 $ 40,000,000 Profit from hedging $ 0.27 $ 13,500,000 From the evaluation of above table, the risk and cash flow can be identified, which could be used by ABC company to identify the best possible hedging strategy. In addition, the unhedged policy is the one strategy, which has the higher risk of loss that might incur by the company. Moreover, other hedging strategy has relevant risk and reward attribute, which reduces the risk from payment substantially and fixes the exchange value, which might incur in one-year time. Alvarez and Hansen (2017) mentioned that with hedging measure investor can curb the rising risk from currency market. Explaining the hedge that is optimal for ABC: Hedging Strategies Profit Loss Un-hedge strategy $ 15,000,000.00 $ 5,000,000.00 Forward hedge strategy $ 16,500,000.00 $ 3,500,000.00 Money market hedge $ 16,864,500.00 $ 3,135,500.00 Option Hedge Put Option $ 12,500,000.00 $ 7,500,000.00 Option Hedge Call Option $ 13,500,000.00 $ 6,500,000.00 From the overall evaluation of the above table, money market hedge is identified to be the most beneficial, as it incurs the least loss, while obtaining the highest profit in both probable conditions. In this context, lvarez Espinoza and Hansen (2017) stated that the money market hedging allows investor to conduct trade on the specific trades, which could reduce risk from changing exchange rate. Reference and Bibliography: Admiral Markets (United Kingdom). (2018).Price shock: when the Swiss National Bank unpegged the Swiss franc from the euro. [online] Available at: https://admiralmarkets.com/analytics/traders-blog/price-shock-when-the-swiss-national-bank-unpegged-the-swiss-franc-from-the-euro [Accessed 23 Mar. 2018]. lvarez Espinoza, R. and Hansen, E., 2017.Corporate currency risk and hedging in Chile: Real and financial effects(No. IDB-WP-769). IDB Working Paper Series. Alvarez, R. and Hansen, E., 2017.Corporate Currency Risk and Hedging in Chile: Real and Financial Effects. Inter-American Development Bank. Bishop, K. (2015).Swiss franc soars, stocks tank as euro peg scrapped. [online] CNBC. Available at: https://www.cnbc.com/2015/01/15/swiss-franc-sours-stocks-tank-as-euro-peg-scrapped.html [Accessed 23 Mar. 2018]. Boudoukh, J., Katz, M., Richardson, M.P. and Thapar, A., 2015. Risk Without Reward: The Case for Strategic FX Hedging.AQR, September, pp.45-50. Caldentey, R. and Haugh, M., 2017. A Cournot-Stackelberg Model of Supply Contracts with Financial Hedging and Identical Retailers.Foundations and Trends in Technology, Information and Operations Management,11(1-2), pp.124-143. Du, W. and Schreger, J., 2016. Local currency sovereign risk.The Journal of Finance,71(3), pp.1027-1070. Kim, S.F. and Chance, D.M., 2018. An empirical analysis of corporate currency risk management policies and practices.Pacific-Basin Finance Journal,47, pp.109-128. Skinner, W.R., 2016. CFC-Level Hedges of Currency RiskA Review.International tax journal, p.14. Yaganti, C.H., Kamaiah, B. and Gupta, H., 2015. Exchange Traded Currency Future Markets and Risk Management in India.Journal of International Economics,6(2), p.13.

World Healthcare Analysis an Example of the Topic Economics Essays by

World Healthcare Analysis There has been an increasing change in the healthcare industry trends and strategic management over the last couple of decades. Some of these include healthcare spending as well as production of biologic and generic drugs. Among some contributing factors to these changes include but are not limited to the following. Population ageing has and will continually act as a key factor in determining healthcare spending. Developed-world countries are experiencing a rapid population ageing as compared to developing countries. A study of 60 developed countries indicates that life expectancy is projected to rise from seventy two years in 2008 to approximately seventy three years by 2013. This implies that the average world population will age. New medical technologies emergence and adoption will also be a significant costs driver. It will further be influenced by extent of the benefits that payers will be willing to provide. These rising benefits levels will lead to excess cost growth-the fact that health spending growth per person exceeds the GDP growth rate per person (Economist Intelligence, 2008, p.2) Need essay sample on "World Healthcare Analysis" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed These two factors will be an added burden to the already bloated public health systems, although the real benefit levels that governments provide will more vigorously challenge the health systems financial stability than any other factor. On the same note, severe governmental fiscal problems are expected in the forthcoming decades in almost all developed countries. This is constantly making government healthcare benefits less affordable in these countries, especially putting into consideration the high rates with which populations are ageing at. One basic reason for this is that there is decreasing output in terms of labor force and as thus the number of tax payers is shrinking. With diminished taxes, governments are becoming less and less capable to provide healthcare. Many governments and private payers will inevitably respond to these issues in a myriad of ways. One such approach will be to reduce the benefit levels in an effort to curb such benefit growth so that it is brought to reasonable proportions with the GDP growth rate per individual (Walshe, 2003, p. 76). Others will attempt equilibrium by maintaining the benefits but at the same time aggressively attacking the prices paid to providers and suppliers in the system. Furthermore, others will encourage the populations to reduce lifestyle diseases burden by reappraisal of health attitudes at the societal level. In general, there will be an increased offload of the cost burden onto the patients and healthcare consumers. Similarly, other markets will use the expanded elderly populations political influence to pressure governments into increased retirement health benefits. A good example of this trend is what happened in the United States recently when Part D of the Medicare drugs benefit was introduced. This is because more employers will probably attempt to refrain from paying health benefits to former employees after retirement, a factor that would eventually overburden the concerned governments (Walshe, 2003, p. 74). On the other hand, private payers will more or less adopt a more preventive care from the conventional curative care in concerted efforts to reduce on the costs. Insurance providers are expected to lower premiums if evidence for choices of healthy lifestyles such as gymnastic exercises is provided. In addition, there will be an increase in incentives to make people more health conscious. The bottom of the line in this approach will ascertain that the beneficiarys health status and level of offered benefits will not be the only determinants of the medical costs premiums. Legislative changes will be part of the many policy changes that will be effected to push for reforms in many countries concerning the healthcare of the citizenry in the world healthcare market. In many countries, including the United States, quite a large proportion of the citizens remain deficient of even the most basic healthcare especially health insurance. The fiscal feasibility of a universal comprehensive healthcare Programme is in doubt for now but this remains a heated debate and political priority. One method to include all into this progamme is by subsidizing health insurance for those persons in the low income bracket (Economist Intelligence, 2008, p.5). A more significant system will be one that compares the efficacy and safety of the treatment procedures for both acute and chronic diseases as well as on prescription drugs. This will be aimed at arriving at greater cost efficiency in health systems. It is thought that the best way to adopt this is on a bottom up initiative. In conclusion, considering the increased burdens that come as a result of persistent chronic diseases brought about by sedentary lifestyles, there will be a significant trend that will lead to introduction, in developed markets, of value-based pricing. Based on pharmaco-economic reviews, governments will tend to combine reimbursement and pricing functions for higher contentious process and results there from. On the same note, it is expected that generic drug industries may take the order of the day if they are able to produce cheaper drugs whose efficacy can be ascertained beyond any reasonable doubts (Dabbah, 1999, p. 85). On their part, patented drug manufacturers are expected to be dramatically hit by such generic drugs growth. For the last few years, the greatest impact has been in the cardiovascular drug market. One country that has been known for its doctors to be reluctant in allowing branded drugs is Japan but researchers believe that Japanese doctors will soon or later follow suit along countries who accept generic drug prescriptions. References: Dabbah Roger (1999). Total R&D Management: Strategies and Tactics for 21st Century Healthcare Manufacturers. Buffalo Grove, IL: Interpharm Press, pp. 85 Economist Intelligence Unit (2008). World healthcare outlook: of mixed benefit. Industry Briefing, November 30th 2008; 1-8 Walshe Kieran (2003). Regulating Healthcare: A Prescription for Improvement? Philadelphia, Open University Press, pp. 74, 76

I am investigating how well people estimate the length of a line and the size of an angle Essay Example

I am investigating how well people estimate the length of a line and the size of an angle Essay Example I am investigating how well people estimate the length of a line and the size of an angle Essay I am investigating how well people estimate the length of a line and the size of an angle Essay I am investigating how well people estimate the length of a line and the size of an angle. I am going to compare the following: * Year 7 compared to year 10 (Boys and girls) in estimating the size of an acute angle. * Girls compared to boys (Years 7 and 10) in estimating the length of a short line. I am going to compare these two because it is a very wide range of data. I am going to sample 40 people for each investigation, For example: * 40 people from year 7 and, * 40 people from year 10. A questionnaire has been circulated to a variety of people in set 1-5 and year 7-sixth form. The questionnaire includes questions, such as: * Estimate the length of this line * Estimate the size of this angle * Estimate the length of this squiggle For Investigation 1 Year 7 compared to year 10 in estimating the size of an acute angle My hypothesis is that a larger amount of year 10 will be better at estimating the size of an angle than year 7. I think that more people from year 10 will be better at estimating the size of an angle because they have been in education longer and are more advanced at maths, while year 7 will be less advanced as they havent been in education as long as year 10. For Investigation 2 Girls compared to boys I estimating the length of a short line My hypothesis is that girls will be better at estimating the length of a line and the size of an angle than boys. I think that girls will be better at estimating the length of a line and the size of an angle than boys because girls take time to study things more closely than boys as boys tend to rush things. I will put all the data I collect in graphs. I will put my data in the following graphs: * Box plot * Cumulative frequency graph I have chosen these graphs because they are clear, simple to look at and will show my results best. A box plot provides an excellent visual summary of important aspects of a distribution among my data. The box stretches from the lower quartile to the upper quartile and therefore contains the middle half of the data in the distribution. The median is shown as a line across the box. Therefore 1/4 of the distribution is between this line and the top of the box and 1/4 of the distribution is between this line and the bottom of the box. This makes it easy for me to comment on my data and compare two sets of data if they are both in box plots. From the cumulative frequency graph it is possible to work out three important statistics: * The lower and upper quartiles * The median * The interquartile range From these 3 important statistics I will find it easy to compare data both on other cumulative frequency graphs and on box plots making it easier for me to come to a conclusion about my data and find out whether or not my hypothesis is correct. I will use stratified random sampling to sample my data because it is an alternative to a simple random sample that provides more precision. In a simple random sample, I would select subjects randomly from a single large pool of data. In a stratified random sample, I will divide this large pool of subjects into several groups called strata (in this case strata will be gender and year group) and then randomly select subjects from within each group. The number of subjects selected from each group is fixed by design. A stratified sample makes sense when your data is varied, but it can easily be split into strata that are more consistent. I am using a stratified sample because there is a lot variability between strata and little variability within strata. The numbers I select from each strata will be proportional to the size of the strata. CALCULATIONS *The numbers I select from each strata will be proportional to the size of the strata, I am sampling 20% of each strata. I will then make this fair by finding the mean average of each strata with will in turn help me find out whether or not my hypothesis is right* Hypothesis 1: Year 10 will be better at estimating the size of an acute angle than Year 7: Method: I will select my data of peoples estimates for usage in hypothesis 1 and 2 using stratified random sampling. I intend to do this by sampling 20% of each strata, in these cases gender and year group. Once I have worked out what proportion of each strata I need to sample I will use the random button on my calculator to randomly sample my data, to avoid biased data. I will then work out how far out their estimate was off the actual measurement and from that I will work out the percentage error so I can work out whether my hypothesizes are correct. I will work out whether my hypothesizes are correct by working out what the average percentage error is for each group. I will list the estimate, error and percentage error in order of ascending size to make it easier for myself when adding up percentage errors and dividing them by the amount of data in that particular strata, to get the mean average. Then I will for hypothesis 1(Year 10 will be better at estimating the size of an acute angle than Year 7): * Add together the mean average of males and females in year 7 and divide it by 2 to get the mean average of males and females In year 7 combined. * Add together the mean average of males and females in year 10 and divide it by 2 to get the mean average of males and females In year 10 combined. * Compare the 2 averages. If the average for year 10 is a lower percent than that of year 7, my hypothesis is correct., as this means the average percentage error is lower for year 10 than year 7, therefore meaning, on average, year 10 were more accurate and made less mistakes. If the average for year 7 is a lower percent than that of year 10, my hypothesis is incorrect., as this means the average percentage error is lower for year 7 than year 10, therefore meaning, on average, year 7 were more accurate and made less mistakes Then I will for hypothesis 2 (Girls will be better at guessing the size of a short line than boys): * Add together the mean average of females in year 7 and year 10 and divide it by 2 to get the mean average of females in year 7 and 10 combined. * Add together the mean average of males in year 7 and year 10 and divide it by 2 to get the mean average of males in year 7 and 10 combined. * Compare the 2 averages. If the average for females is a lower percent than that of males, my hypothesis is correct., as this means the average percentage error is lower for year females than males, therefore meaning, on average, females were more accurate and made less mistakes. If the average for males is a lower percent than that of females, my hypothesis is incorrect., as this means the average percentage error is lower for year males than females, therefore meaning, on average, males were more accurate and made less mistakes Year 7 Females Stratified random sampling: 100 year 7 females in total. 20% of 100= 20. I will therefore take 20 samples. Estimate Error % error 32 1 3 30 3 9 25 8 24 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 20 13 39 20 13 39 49 16 48 15 18 55 60 27 82 60 27 82 65 32 97 Average Angle percentage error for Girls in year 7: 3 9 24 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 39 39 48 55 82 82 +97 910 910- 20= 45.5% Year 7 Males Stratified random sampling: 110 year 7 males in total. 20% of 110= 22. I will therefore take 22 samples. Estimate Error % error 32 1 3 30 3 9 25 8 24 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 20 13 39 20 13 39 49 16 48 15 18 55 60 27 82 60 27 82 65 32 97 Average Angle percentage error for Boys in year 7: 6 6 6 9 9 9 21 21 21 21 36 36 36 36 36 36 39 39 100 100 100 +100 844 844-22= 38.36%= 38.4% Year 10 Females Stratified random sampling: 80 year 10 females in total. 20% of 80= 16. I will therefore take 16 samples. Estimate Error % error 35 2 6 30 3 9 30 3 9 30 3 9 30 3 9 30 3 9 40 7 21 40 7 21 40 7 21 40 7 21 40 7 21 43 10 30 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 Average Angle percentage error for Girls in year 10: 6 9 9 9 9 9 21 21 21 21 21 30 36 36 36 +36 330 330- 16= 20.625%= 20.6% Year 10 Males Stratified random sampling: 100 year 10 males in total. 20% of 100= 20. I will therefore take 20 samples. Estimates Error % error 35 2 6 30 3 9 30 3 9 38 5 15 27 6 18 40 7 21 40 7 21 40 7 21 40 7 21 40 7 21 40 7 21 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 20 13 39 50 17 52 50 17 52 60 27 82 Average Angle percentage error for Boys in year 10: 6 9 9 15 18 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 36 36 36 36 36 39 52 52 +82 630 630- 20= 31.5% Year 7 girls: 45.5% Year 7 boys: 20.625% 45.5 +20.625 66.125 66.125- 2= 33.0625= 33.1%(1dp) Year 7 percentage error, as used for hypothesis 1 (Year 10 will be better at estimating the size of an acute angle than Year 7) If this is lower than the percentage error of year 10 (as below) my hypothesis will be proved incorrect, whereas if it is higher than that of year 10 (as below) my hypothesis will be proved correct. Year 10 girls: 38.36 Year 10 boys: 31.5 38.36 + 31.5 69.86 69.86-2= 34.93= 34.9% Year 10 percentage error, as used for hypothesis 1 (Year 10 will be better at estimating the size of an acute angle than Year 7) If this is lower than the percentage error of year 7 (as above) my hypothesis will be proved correct, whereas if it is higher than that of year 7 (as above) my hypothesis will be proved incorrect. MY HYPOTHESIS WAS PROVED INCORRECT AS ON AVERAGE THE PERCENTAGE ERROR FOR THE ESTIMATION OF AN ACUTE ANGLE WAS LOWER FOR YEAR 7 THAN FOR YEAR 10, MEANING YEAR 7 WERE MORE ACCURATE AND CLOSER TO THE CORRECT NUMBER (ON AVERAGE) THAN YEAR 10. Hypothesis 2: Girls will be better at guessing the size of a short line than boys. Year 7 Females Stratified random sampling: 100 year 7 females in total. 20% of 100= 20. I will therefore take 20 samples. Estimates Error % error 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.45 0.05 3 1.6 0.1 7 1.6 0.1 7 1.6 0.1 7 1.7 0.2 13 1.2 0.3 20 1.2 0.3 20 1.9 0.4 26 1.9 0.4 26 2 0.5 33 1 0.5 33 0.2 1.3 86 Average Short line percentage error for Girls in year 7: 3 7 7 7 13 20 20 26 26 33 86 464 464- 20= 23.2% average Year 7 Males Stratified random sampling: 110 year 7 males in total. 20% of 110= 22. I will therefore take 22 samples. Estimate Error % error 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.6 0.1 7 1.25 0.25 17 1.2 0.3 20 1.2 0.3 20 1.9 0.4 26 1 0.5 33 2 0.5 33 2 0.5 33 2.25 0.75 50 2.5 1 67 2.5 1 67 2.5 1 67 0.04 1.46 97 3 1.5 100 3.2 1.7 113 3.4 1.9 127 3.4 1.9 127 3.4 1.9 127 Average Short line percentage error for Boys in year 7: 7 17 20 20 26 33 33 33 50 67 67 67 97 100 113 127 127 127 1131 1131- 22= 51.40909= 51.4% Year 10 Females Stratified random sampling: 80 year 10 females in total. 20% of 80= 16. I will therefore take 16 samples. Estimates Error % Error 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.6 0.1 7 1.6 0.1 7 1.3 0.2 13 1.3 0.2 13 1.7 0.2 13 1.7 0.2 13 1.8 0.3 20 1.8 0.3 20 1.9 0.4 26 1 0.5 33 2 0.5 33 Average Short line percentage error for Girls in year 10: 7 7 13 13 13 13 20 20 26 33 33 188 188- 16= 11.75% Year 10 Males Stratified random sampling: 100 year 10 males in total. 20% of 100= 20. I will therefore take 20 samples. Estimate Error % error 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.6 0.1 7 1.6 0.1 7 1.7 0.2 13 1.7 0.2 13 1.2 0.3 20 1.2 0.3 20 2 0.5 33 2 0.5 33 2 0.5 33 2.3 0.8 53 2.3 0.8 53 2.5 1 67 2.5 1 67 2.3 1 67 2.3 1 67 Average Short line percentage error for Boys in year 10: 7 7 13 13 20 33 33 33 53 53 67 67 67 + 67 533 Girls: Year 7 girls:23.2 Year 10 girls: 11.75 23.2 +11.75 34.95 34.95- 2= 17.475= 17.5%(1dp) Female percentage error, as used for hypothesis 2 (Girls will be better at guessing the size of a short line than boys) If this is lower than the percentage error of Males (as below) my hypothesis will be proved correct, whereas if it is higher than that of Males (as below) my hypothesis will be proved incorrect. Boys: Year 7 boys: 51.4 Year 10 boys: 26.65 51.4 +26.65 78.05 78.05-2=39.025 =39%(1dp) Male percentage error, as used for hypothesis 2 (Girls will be better at guessing the size of a short line than boys) If this is lower than the percentage error of Females (as above) my hypothesis will be proved incorrect, whereas if it is higher than that of females (as above) my hypothesis will be proved correct. MY HYPOTHESIS WAS PROVED CORRECT AS ON AVERAGE THE PERCENTAGE ERROR FOR THE ESTIMATION OF A SHORT LINE WAS LOWER FOR FEMALES THAN FOR MALES, MEANING FEMALES WERE MORE ACCURATE AND CLOSER TO THE CORRECT NUMBER (ON AVERAGE) THAN MALES. Method: I will display my data for both hypothesize in different graphs before drawing a final conclusion. I will display data from hypothesis 1 in a cumulative frequency table, then graph as I will find it easier to compare data both on other cumulative frequency graphs and on box plots, than I would do on perhaps a frequency polygon making it easier for me to come to a conclusion about my data and find out whether or not my hypothesis is correct. I will display data from hypothesis 2 on a box plot as it can be easily compared with other box plots and even cumulative frequency graphs so again, I can clearly see the data and it will be easier for me to reach a final conclusion. Hypothesis 1 (Year 10 will be better at estimating the size of an acute angle than Year 7): * I will sort (in ascending order) Year 7 Males and Females combined, to use when drawing out the cumulative frequency table. * I will then (in ascending order) Year 10 Males and Females combined, to use when drawing out the cumulative frequency table. * I will make cumulative frequency tables for both year 10 and year 7 individually, this will allow me to make a cumulative frequency graph, which is what I am using to help me conclude my results and check my hypothesis * I will then draw cumulative frequency graphs for both hypothesizes. Giving me a total of 4 cumulative frequency graphs. On the 2 cumulative frequency graphs for the first hypothesis (Year 10 will be better at estimating the size of an acute angle than Year 7) I will write down the median, upper and lower quartiles I will do this by using the formula 1/2 (n+1) to work out the median (n being the cumulative frequency up the side of the graph). 1/4 (n+1) to work out the lower quartile and 3/4 (n+1) to work out the upper quartile. I will find these numbers along the graph, and down, so that I get a reading for median, and the upper and lower quartile boundaries. * I will do as above for hypothesis 2. But I will then draw a box and whisker plot below the culumative frequency graph. I will do this by using the scale along the X axis and following down the median, and the upper and lower quartile boundaries. From this values I will join up in a box shape to show the interquartile range. I will then draw whiskers to the smallest number in the group from one side of the box and from the other side, whiskers to the highest number in the group. Year 7, males and females, for hypothesis 1 (Year 10 will be better at estimating the size of an acute angle than Year 7) table of data in ascending order. Estimate Error % error 32 1 3 32 1 3 30 3 9 30 3 9 25 8 24 25 8 24 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 20 13 39 20 13 39 20 13 39 20 13 39 49 16 48 49 16 48 15 18 55 15 18 55 60 27 82 60 27 82 60 27 82 60 27 82 65 32 97 65 32 97 Year 10, males and females, for hypothesis 1 (Year 10 will be better at estimating the size of an acute angle than Year 7) table of data in ascending order. Estimate Error % error 35 2 6 35 2 6 30 3 9 30 3 9 30 3 9 30 3 9 30 3 9 30 3 9 30 3 9 38 5 15 27 6 18 40 7 21 40 7 21 40 7 21 40 7 21 40 7 21 40 7 21 40 7 21 40 7 21 40 7 21 40 7 21 40 7 21 43 10 30 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 45 12 36 20 13 39 50 17 52 50 17 52 60 27 82 Cumulative frequency table for Year 7 males and females for hypothesis 1 (Year 10 will be better at estimating the size of an acute angle than Year 7) Group Frequency Cumulative Frequency 0- 4 4 10- 0 4 20- 2 6 30- 24 30 40- 2 32 50- 2 34 60- 0 34 70- 0 34 80- 4 38 90- 2 40 100- 0 40 Cumulative frequency: 40 1/2(40+1) 1/2 41 41-2= 20.5 Median 1/4(40+1) 1/4 41 41-4= 10.25 Lower quartile boundary 3/4(40+1) 3/4 41 (41-4) x3= 30.75 Upper Quartile Boundary Cumulative frequency table for Year 10 males and females for hypothesis 1 (Year 10 will be better at estimating the size of an acute angle than Year 7) Group Frequency Cumulative Frequency 0- 9 9 10- 2 11 20- 11 22 30- 11 33 40- 0 33 50- 2 35 60- 0 35 70- 0 35 80- 1 36 90- 0 36 100- 0 36 Cumulative frequency: 36 1/2(36+1) 1/2 37 37-2= 18.5 Median 1/4(36+1) 1/4 37 37-4= 9.25 Lower quartile boundary 3/4(36+1) 3/4 37 (37-4) x3= 27.45 Upper Quartile Boundary Table leading onto box plot for hypothesis 2 (Girls will be better at guessing the size of a short line than boys) Year 7 and 10 Females Estimates Error % error 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.45 0.05 3 1.6 0.1 7 1.6 0.1 7 1.6 0.1 7 1.6 0.1 7 1.6 0.1 7 1.7 0.2 13 1.3 0.2 13 1.3 0.2 13 1.7 0.2 13 1.7 0.2 13 1.2 0.3 20 1.2 0.3 20 1.8 0.3 20 1.8 0.3 20 1.9 0.4 26 1.9 0.4 26 1.9 0.4 26 2 0.5 33 1 0.5 33 1 0.5 33 2 0.5 33 0.2 1.3 86 Table leading onto box plot for hypothesis 2 (Girls will be better at guessing the size of a short line than boys) Year 7 and 10 Males 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 1.6 0.1 7 1.6 0.1 7 1.6 0.1 7 1.7 0.2 13 1.7 0.2 13 1.25 0.25 17 1.2 0.3 20 1.2 0.3 20 1.2 0.3 20 1.2 0.3 20 1.9 0.4 26 1 0.5 33 2 0.5 33 2 0.5 33 2 0.5 33 2 0.5 33 2 0.5 33 2.25 0.75 50 2.3 0.8 53 2.3 0.8 53 2.5 1 67 2.5 1 67 2.5 1 67 2.5 1 67 2.5 1 67 2.3 1 67 2.3 1 67 0.04 1.46 97 3 1.5 100 3.2 1.7 113 3.4 1.9 127 3.4 1.9 127 3.4 1.9 127 Cumulative frequency table leading onto box plot for hypothesis 2 (Girls will be better at guessing the size of a short line than boys) Year 7 and 10 Females Groups Frequency Cumulative frequency 0- 19 19 10- 5 24 20- 7 31 30- 4 35 40- 0 35 50- 0 35 60- 0 35 70- 0 35 80- 1 36 90- 0 36 100- 0 36 Cumulative frequency: 36 1/2(36+1) 1/2 37 37-2= 18.5 Median 1/4(36+1) 1/4 37 37-4= 9.25 Lower quartile boundary 3/4(36+1) 3/4 37 (37-4) x3= 27.45 Upper Quartile Boundary Cumulative frequency table leading onto box plot for hypothesis 2 (Girls will be better at guessing the size of a short line than boys) Year 7 and 10 males Groups Frequency Cumulative frequency 0- 12 12 10- 3 15 20- 5 20 30- 6 26 40- 0 26 50- 3 29 60- 7 36 70- 0 36 80- 0 36 90- 1 37 100- 1 38 110- 1 39 120- 3 42 Cumulative frequency: 42 1/2(42+1) 1/2 43 43-2= 21.5 Median 1/4(42+1) 1/4 43 43-4= 10.75 Lower quartile boundary 3/4(42+1) 3/4 42 (43-4) x3= 32.25 Upper Quartile Boundary COUNCLUSION Hypothesis 1: MY HYPOTHESIS WAS PROVED INCORRECT AS ON AVERAGE THE PERCENTAGE ERROR FOR THE ESTIMATION OF AN ACUTE ANGLE WAS LOWER FOR YEAR 7 THAN FOR YEAR 10, MEANING YEAR 7 WERE MORE ACCURATE AND CLOSER TO THE CORRECT NUMBER (ON AVERAGE) THAN YEAR 10. Hypothesis 2: MY HYPOTHESIS WAS PROVED CORRECT AS ON AVERAGE THE PERCENTAGE ERROR FOR THE ESTIMATION OF A SHORT LINE WAS LOWER FOR FEMALES THAN FOR MALES, MEANING FEMALES WERE MORE ACCURATE AND CLOSER TO THE CORRECT NUMBER (ON AVERAGE) THAN MALES. I have evidence in the form of graphs and average calculations to prove my conclusion. My hypothesis works on a base of average. I ruled out all anomalous results before stratifying my samples to avoid biased results which may lead me to conclude my hypothesizes wrong. I think hypothesis 1 was incorrect because among Year 10 we had a few results which were a large percentage error (127%) this bought up my average and made my hypothesis worng. I could improve my project and got better results my sampling more data so I got a more accurate average and by taking out all even slightly anomalous results to stop them from bringing the average percentage error up. To develop my task further, I could have gone on to look at another part of the questionnaire i.e. the estimation of a short squiggle.